- 獨立飼養 Solo Animals

盾臂龜長大後(不論雌雄)會變得有侵略性,所以最好獨立飼養。雄的還會打架,嘗試把對方反轉。小時候還可以,大了打架便要送其中一些給別人,生病時還需隔離,飼養前一定要想清楚。

It is best to raise African spurred tortoise by himself. Both males and females get aggressive when they aged. When males reach maturity, they will fight with others, trying to flip the other one over. People may do ok when the tortoises are very young but need to sell some of the tortoises once they start fighting. They also need to separate the tortoises when one gets sick. Think about it carefully before getting more than one tortoise.

- 通風 Ventilation

盾臂龜很容易患上呼吸系統的毛病,故需要通風良好的居住環境。如你的龜龜沒有進食或流鼻水,可能會和通風問題有關,那便要見獸醫了。 盾盾的玻璃爬蟲箱兩側都有扇頁通風,前面的窗門亦可打開。盾盾還小,不能爬太高,未有溜走能力,遲些便要加鎖了。

Ventilation is important for African spurred tortoises. They are prone to have respiratory disease. If you see your tortoise “blowing water bubble” from his nose /not eating, there may be problem with ventilation. Take him to a vet. My terrarium is a glass tank with slits on the side and I opened a bit of the frontal windows for Tun. She is still very small (can’t climb too high) so escape is not a problem. Later I may need to lock her windows.

在YouTube 看見一隻盾臂龜開門!
Video in YouTube showing a tortoise opening a slide door!

如果空氣太侷促,可外置風扇,但盾盾不太喜歡風扇的噪音。盾盾的箱子位於窗台,牠很喜歡望我樓下的公園,也愛聽小鳥的歌聲。

I also have fans for her if the air is very stuffy. Tun Tun does not like the noise though. I put Tun Tun on my windowsill and she loves seeing what is happening in the park and she loves listening to the bird singing.






- 水盤 Water Access


如選擇放水盤,請選一個淺身及邊位底和不割手的水盤,方便龜龜出入。如邊位過高,龜龜容易返身,自己又不能返回,會因此缺水致死。市面上有爬蟲專用的水盤,或可選用膠盤蓋子,。盾臂龜不會游泳,故水位不要太髙,每天/骯髒時換水便可。
You may put out a shallow dish of water for your tortoise. Make sure that the dish is safe for your baby tortoise. The edge of the dish should not be sharp and it should be low so the tortoise can walk in and out without flipping or hurting himself. If a tortoise flipped over and not being flipped back in proper position, he may die from dehydration. Yes, they can’t flip back on their own. You may choose a water dish specially made for reptiles or use a flat lid from a plastic container. Fill it up with water and change the water every day/when it is dirty. Keep the water level low so it won’t drown the tortoise. The tortoise may drink from the dish and then pass his waste there.


如選擇不放水盤,就一定要浸龜。食物提供的水份並不足夠,特別是幼龜。幼龜很容易缺水,而盾臂龜又容易結石。盾盾小時每天浸泡,100 g 後才開始隔天浸泡。
If you choose not to put out a water dish, make sure you soak your tortoise frequently. Some people may think that if they feed the tortoise fresh food, the water from the food is enough for them. Not really especially for baby tortoises. Baby tortoises are more vulnerable to dehydration and remember African Spurred Tort are prone to stone formation. I soak Tun Tun every day when she was very young. Then every other day after she reached 100 g.

- 定期檢查表 Regular Checklist

每當行經籠子,養成檢查龜龜環境的習慣,例如:

  • 溫度
  • 濕度
  • 龜龜是否安全, 有沒有反身, 鼻子有沒有吹泡泡等...

Form a habit to check on your tortoise whenever you pass him. Check the followings:

  • readings of the thermometers
  • reading of the hygrometer
  • see if the tortoise is doing ok, not flipped over, not blowing bubbles from nose, etc.


浸龜時,留意龜龜的:

  • 眼睛 (有沒有分泌物)
  • 鼻子 (有沒有鼻涕,吹泡泡等等)
  • 龜殼硬度 (有沒有變軟)
  • 皮膚 (有沒有受傷)
  • 指甲 (是否完整)
  • 泄腔 (有沒有流血),等等


While soaking, check these:

  • eyes (heavy discharge?)
  • nose (runny nose, blowing bubbles?)
  • shell hardness (not soft and see if there is any change)
  • skin (any lesion?)
  • nails (all there?)
  • cloaca (no blood), etc.

平日多觀察龜龜的:

  • 步姿
  • 飲食習慣
  • 大小便頻率及其狀態*
  • 定時量度和紀錄體重 (有沒有上升或最少保持體重)
  • 有沒有便秘等等...


*便便的狀態可用作健康的指標。例如:肚痾可能是由於龜龜飲食不當或寄生蟲問題。 龜龜的大便應該是結實成形的,尿尿則以尿酸形式排出(濃度較高,因此損失的水分極少,牠們是沙漠動物呢),呈半固態的白色狀態。若龜龜水份足夠,尿酸會較軟和浠(像蛋白)。相反,若龜龜缺水,尿酸會較硬和實 (像石頭, 但一按便散)。

And observe these:


  • how he walks
  • his eating and drinking habits
  • frequency of passing out feces and urate and their forms *
  • Weigh him regularly and record the wt (to see if he is gaining wt or at least maintaining his weight)
  • any constipation, etc.

*The form of their dropping may indicate an health problem. For example, diarrhea can be caused by improper diet or intesinal disease such as excessive worm load. Droppings should be firm and well formed. Their urine is passed out as a form of urate (more concentrated) in order to save water as they are desert animals. Urate is in a white semi-solid form. It is soft and thin (like egg white) if the tort is hydrated, hard and thick (like stones but can be easily loosen when it is compressed) if the tort is dehydrated .

這些檢查均有助預先察覺到龜龜的健康狀態,龜龜和人類不同,要較慢才出現病徵。多了解龜龜的習性和生活習慣,留意有什麼變化,有問題及早看獸醫。注意不是每一位獸醫都對龜龜有治療經驗的,請小心選擇。

Do all these will help to detect any onset of sickness early. Unlike human, tortoises take a long time to show any symptoms. Know your tort's routine and behaviour. Any change may mean something. Take him to the vet if there is anything wrong. Not all vet are trained for reptiles. Be sure to pick one who is experienced in treating tortoises.

- 沙門氏菌帶菌者 Carrier of Salmonella

由於龜龜帶有沙門氏菌,請用指定器皿照料龜龜飲食,浸泡等。接觸完龜龜應用肥皂洗手,同時要定期消毒其器皿。

Use designated equipment to handle your tortoise for eating, soaking etc and wash your hand with soap after handling the tortoise. Clean the soaking equipment regularly to prevent salmonella contamination.

是男是女 Sexual Determination

小時侯較難分辨,大過15吋後較易辨認。
It is hard to sex a tort when the size is small. Much easier when they are bigger (over 15 inches).



http://www.chelonia.org/Articles/sexingsulcata.htm

Exercising your Tortoise

For lazy owners: 致懶豬主人
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VjX5Zpkj6JQ

Tortoise Treadmill: 跑步機上
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=74V1W3MvsJ8

- 睡眠時間 Sleep Pattern

盾盾初來的第一天下午五時便做豬寶寶了!真是日出而作,日入而息...

後來睡眠時間才改至六時至六時半。但每當牠聽到我的聲音便會掙扎起來,看看我做什麼,有沒有食物,是否去公園玩等...

When Tun Tun first came, she slept at 5pm!!! Then we adjusted her slowly to fit our schedule so we could see her more. Now she sleeps at around 6:30 – 7:00 pm. Tun Tun recognizes my voice and will struggle to wake up and come to me. She sees me as a sign of food or going to the park time, sometimes she is just nosy and wants to see what I am doing.

- 補充鈣 Ca Supplelment




龜糧跟牧草已成為盾盾的主要食糧,畢竟盾臀龜是應該吃這種高纖低蛋白食物,而盾盾排便量亦有所増加。間中我們會餵牠一些新鮮蔬菜和鮮草,每星期至每兩星期會在牠的食物中灑上一點爬蟲動物鈣粉以提供生長需要(標籤上說應每星期灑鈣粉,但我怕過量會導致結石)。另外,我會定期觸試盾盾殼子的堅硬程度,感受有沒有變化,定期檢查龜龜是一個良好習慣喲!





Tun Tun does well with the Timothy hay + commercial pellets. This high fiber diet is better for her and that is her main diet now. She passed out more waste ever since the diet change too. We still give her some veggies + fresh grass from time to time. We also give her Ca supplement once in a week to once every two weeks to support her growth. I gave less than the recommended amount (once a week) coz it is a balance of healthy growth and stone formation. I just dust her food with tiny amount of Ca powder. Also, form a habbit to feel the hardness of the shell of your tort regularly. You may do that while you soak your tort.

生長過快或過慢均對龜龜不好,生長過快(如給予太多食物)會令龜龜的肝和腎受損,壽命減短等。過慢較少發生,通常主人都是過度餵飼。

曾在一個台灣龜友討論區看到一隻龜龜停止生長,可能是由於主人是夜班工人,故很晚才餵牠和照料牠。網主是一位有經驗龜友,亦未曾遇過這種情況,只好建議早上餵飼和盡量跟隨龜龜的天然習性飼養,最後結果我不清楚。

It is better to have a steadily slow growth instead of fast growth. That is the way they should be. Too fast growing means damage to the tortoises’ liver and kidney. Also shorten their lives.

Growing too slow rarely happens to these pets as they are often overfed by owners. Of course that is not good too. I remember seeing a thread in a Taiwanese forum that an owner complainted that his tort was not growing. That guy fed the tort very late at night since he worked nightshift. Basically a complete change of a tort's habit. I don't know how the tort end up but the host (an experienced tort keeper) suggested the owner to try to follow the tort's natural pattern of life (e.g., feed in the morning) as he had never seen this situation before.

- 轉食物 (牧草) Diet Change (Commercial Pellets + Timonthy Hay)


最初,盾盾不愛吃牧草。我買了些牧草,並把牧草剪細,然後用來餵給盾盾。 牠只是嗅一嗅,沒有其他行動 ,盾盾視牧草為底材多於食物,我們唯有試其他方法。後來在網上找到一些陸龜飼料,便買給牠再試,先用水浸軟龜糧,後給盾盾。不過盾盾對它亦沒有興趣,始終只愛新鮮蔬菜。


Initially Tun Tun did not like eating hay. We got her some Timothy hay and cut it into small pieces. She sniffed at it and just did not take it as food. So we tried to find other alternatives. After searching in the net, we found some commercial pellets for Tun Tun to try. We soaked the pellets in water to soften them a bit. The pellets smelled really good but Tun only loved her fresh vegetables.




* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *


其間我們繼續嘗試餵牠牧草和龜糧,一直都沒有成功。直至盾盾體重升至100 克,牠才突然愛上龜糧,但對牧草仍舊沒有興趣,故我們只有把牧草混於浸軟的龜糧中,逼牠進食. 盾盾突然的口味轉變跟我另一隻寵物(飛河龜)很相似,可能與年齡有關。從此,我們便餵牠龜糧+牧草。

We tried feeding Tun Tun commercial pellets a few time but Tun still did not see it as food. Same for Timothy hay. It was after she was over 100 g and we gave it a try again. We soaked the pellet in small amount of water to soften it first. Then we put it on Tun Tun eating tile. She loved it this time. The sudden taste change may have something to do with her age since my fly river turtle, Fei Fei, suddenly change his taste buds too. So now we feed her pellet and mix it with Timothy Hay.


在尋找牧草給盾盾時找到一些餵給小兔和倉鼠的日本牧草,它們較我早前買散裝牧草的幼細和軟身,顏色亦較綠,更合盾盾幼嫩的喙子,但價錢較貴。我們先拿去較利和粗身的牧草,只選幼身的細至 1-1.5 cm,存放在儲物袋內,餵盾盾時才與浸透的龜糧混和。

When I looked at rabbit/hamster food at a pet store, there was a Japanese brand of hay that is smaller in size. The hay is finer (not as coarse) and greener in colour. Of course it is more expensive but it is not as tough as the first bulk pack we got so it will be easier for Tun’s beak. We cut them in 1 – 1.5 pieces removing the very sharp or hard stems store it in a zipping bag. That will be mixed with moisten commercial pellets prior to feeding.

- 高纖維低蛋白質餵飼 High Fiber Low Protein Diet

盾臂龜需要高纖維素,低蛋白質食物以維持健康 。這是他們在大自然的食物,適合他們的身體構造 。

It is important for African Spurred Tortoise to have a high fiber, low protein diet. That is what they have in nature and that is what their bodies are built for.



給予高蛋白質食物會令他們隆背 ,生長過速則導致腎臟和肝臟問題 ,生命因而縮短 。所以 ,別以為是一件好事。

It is believed that high protein diet is related to pyramiding problem in African Spurred Tortoise. Too much protein will also make them grow too fast. Growing too fast is not a good thing. Think about the kidney and liver damage in the long run. And shorter life span.



(左) 我在一個爬蟲動物協會的籌款項目看到這隻龜龜。牠重15 磅, 7 歲,非常健康,沒有隆背,主人一定很用心照顧牠,是一隻幸福的龜龜。
(Left) I saw this beautiful tort on a fund raising event for reptiles. She? is 7 years old and weighs 15 lbs. The owner takes very good care of the tort. She looks healthy and no pyramiding.

(右) 我在一個爬蟲公園看到這隻可憐隆背龜龜,我想牠是被遺棄的,之前的主人不懂照料,現住在爬蟲公園。隆背龜龜不但有隆起的殼,內臟可能已受損。
(Right) I saw this tort in a reptile park. I think he was abandoned and now lives in the park. This poor baby has pyramiding problem. Notice the lumps on his shell. Unforturnately, for pyramiding, not only the external is affected. Irregular growth may happen within the body too.

- 初期食物 (龜重< 100 g) Initial Diet (wt < 100 g)

蔬菜 Veggies




盾盾初來時 76 g,由於寵物店一直餵飼蔬菜,暫時只好跟隨,雖然知道牠們較適合用牧草餵詞。另外, 盾盾亦不肯吃其它東西。
When Tun Tun first came, she only weighed 76 g. I fed her veggies to begin with since that was what she used to have in the pet shop although I knew that African Spurred Tort would do better on hay. Besides, she had no interest in other foods

至於蔬菜,由於盾臂龜很容易有結石問題,絕對不能餵十字花科菜 (如菜芯、芥蘭、西蘭花、白菜、椰菜花等... 它們均有四片花瓣排列成十字形的花)。至於豆類亦不合適,因蛋白質太高。
African Spurred Tort are prone to have stone problem. Do not feed them Cruciferae (a.k.a. crucifers, Brassicaceae, charaterized by the four petals making a cross on their flowers). Examples include choy sum, kale, broccoli, bok choy and califlower. No beans either. They are too high in protein.
有關十字花科菜 More on Cruciferae:
Chinese
English


水果水份太高,未能提供足夠纖維素, 暫時也不行。我在初期 (龜重100g 前) 只餵油墨菜 Indian Lettuce、唐生菜 Chinese Lettuce 及羅馬生菜Roman Lettuce (不要和生菜Lettuce混淆呀)。盾盾很喜歡吃油墨菜 ,可能因味道濃吧!
Fruits are too high in moisture (not enough fiber), she may have some later in her life but not now. I only fed Tun Tun Indian Lettuce, Chinese Lettuce and Roman Lettuce until she weighed more than 100 g. Tun Tun loved Indian Lettuce probably because it was stronger in flavour.


由於幼龜喙子不能切割太硬的東西,蔬菜洗淨瀝乾後可剪至 1 - 1.5 cm,同時需把莖部及較粗葉脈移除。跟據台灣龜友經驗,喙子受傷後就算有手術做也不會縫針,只等天然癒合。蔬菜洗淨後才剪則可減少維他命C流失。
Baby tort can injure their beaks from biting food that are too hard. The beak does not always recover though. Even if you take the injuried tort to the vet, the vet may not be able to do anything (e.g., stitching is not possible) but to let the wound heal naturally. I removed the stem and the main vein from the leaves and cut them into bit size pieces (1-1.5 cm) for Tun Tun just in case. Prior to that, I washed the veggies carefully. If cutting is done before washing, more vitamin C will be lost during the process. So wash the veggies first, drain, then cut.







對於幼龜,有機菜是一個較好選擇。 盾盾這麼小(體重),相信少量農薬亦對牠有影響吧,故我會盡量餵牠有機菜,或澈底洗淨和浸泡非有機菜才給盾盾。有時我會預早洗淨蔬菜,瀝乾水份後放於膠盒,儲存在冰箱中,蔬菜一般可存放數天,餵盾盾前才把蔬菜剪細。









Feeding your tort with organic green is a good idea as they are free from pesticides. Tun Tun was so small in size so even a small amount of pesticide could do damage. I fed her organic vegetables whenever possible. Or I washed and soaked my veggies very well before giving it to Tun Tun. Sometimes I prepared my veggies ahead of time. I washed and drained the veggies and put them in a plastic container. They can be stored in the fridge for a few days. Prior to feeding, I cut the leaves into small pieces.



盾盾小時候不是吃得很多,一日少於三塊葉子,相對其體型才算大食吧!通常牠於每天早上及黃昏約六時至六時半進食,進食時間非常有規律。
Tun Tun did not eat much when she was small. Well, relative to her size, she ate a lot. Baby Tun Tun ate less than 3 leaves a day. She ate in the morning and in the early evening (around 6 – 6:30 pm). Her lifestyle is quite routine.


以手餵飼能使龜龜更快信任主人,盾盾第一天以能用手餵飼,當然牠較大時, 我可要小心手指。

Hand feeding builds trust between the owner and the tort. Tun Tun was able to be hand fed the first day she arrived. Only need to be careful with your finger especially when the tortoise gets big.

- 為龜龜寫blog ....... A Blog for My Tortoise Finally

首先介紹我的龜龜:
Introducing...




盾盾 Tun Tun = 非洲盾臂龜 /蘇卡達 , 約 1 歲 ♀? , 108 g , 養了 5 個月 (Nov. 2008 - April 2009)
Tun Tun is an African Spurred Tortoise (G. Sulcata). She (should be a she) is around 1 yr old. She now weighs 108 g. I have kept her for 5 months. (From Nov. 2008 to April 2009)




雖然在飼養前已做了不少資料搜集, 期間仍遇上不少問題。在搜集龜龜資料時,發現網上很多資料不符,很多時候唯有取中間位。
Although I had done quite a lot of research in the net before having her, I still face many problems. The info I found on the web were often contradicting so I took the middle ground.